Context window
Everything the model can see right now. Anything outside it does not exist for the model.
The context window is the text the model is working with at this moment: your prompt, anything you pasted in, and the conversation so far. It is measured in tokens, roughly three quarters of a word each, so a 200,000-token window is about 150,000 words.
This explains a class of frustration that feels like stupidity. You ask for "our tone" and get generic copy because your tone was never in the window. You ask about a document you did not paste. You continue yesterday’s chat, which the model does not remember. There was nothing to remember. In a very long chat, material in the middle is also used less reliably than material at the start or the end.
Find your way around
Learn it in the course, copy it from a playbook, see it work in a case study.